Title: Exposure to Direct and Scatter Radiation with Use of Mini-C-Arm Fluoroscopy
Authors: Giordano, B; Ryder, S; Baumhauer, J; DiGiovanni, B.
Source: Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - 2007: 89-A, 948-952.
PODIATRIC RELEVANCE:
The mini-C-arm has been an indispensable component of podiatric surgery for many years. Its use as a guide for fracture reduction, assessment of osseous alignment, and location of foreign bodies is well-documented and accepted. In addition, its relative ease of use and comparatively low radiation output have further increased its popularity among podiatric and orthopedic surgeons. As with a standard c-arm, exposure to scatter radiation from a mini c-arm is inevitable. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of radiation to which the operating room staff is exposed with use of the mini-C-arm.
METHODS:
The study utilized a mini-C-arm imager (maximum output power 7.5 W at 75kV and 100 μA) placed in a standard operating room and adjacent to a standard operating table. An artificial upper extremity was utilized, composed of cadaver bones and tissue-sensitive materials. Twelve Luxel luminescence dosimeters were placed at various distances (15 or 25 cm) and angles (vertical or 45°) from the intensifier, with one dosimeter placed in the cadaver hand and one in the hallway (control). 155 total images were obtained, with 300 seconds of total fluoroscopy time utilized.
RESULTS:
The sensor located in a direct line with the imager was the only one to receive a substantial dose of radiation (181, 181, 272 mrem at deep, eye and shallow levels). The other twelve dosimeters in the room showed negligible (≤ 3 mrem at all levels) exposure to direct or scatter radiation.
COMMENTS:
The recommendations of maximum annual radiation exposure for occupational workers range from 2000 to 5000 mrem. Based on this study, a surgeon is exposed to minimal scatter radiation when standing more than 15 centimeters from the direct beam. Nevertheless, it is imperative that the surgeon and staff continue to exercise prudence with use of the mini-arm, particularly with the positioning of the patient and personnel as well as the total duration of radiation exposure.
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Disclaimer:
Scientific Abstract Monthly postings are submitted by podiatric surgical residents. The ideas presented are not the opinions of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (ACFAS), nor are they presented as facts. ACFAS presents this information without any warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, and is not liable for its accuracy nor for any loss or damage caused by the user's reliance on information obtained in these areas.